In 1993 Kuz’minov and Osiko identified the ‘disturbance�?of stoichiometry in LN crystals is mainly mainly because of the deficiency of oxygen in Nb2O5, utilized to be a raw substance First melt (Czochralski process) [186]. Accordingly, based upon its creation engineering, niobium pentoxide can adopt a wide array of compositions Nb2O5−x. https://louisz592gih5.daneblogger.com/profile